AudioDelayFeedback.h

/*
 * AudioDelayFeedback.h
 *
 * This file is part of Mozzi.
 *
 * Copyright 2012-2024 Tim Barrass and the Mozzi Team
 *
 * Mozzi is licensed under the GNU Lesser General Public Licence (LGPL) Version 2.1 or later.
 *
 */
 
#ifndef AUDIODELAY_FEEDBACK_H_
#define AUDIODELAY_FEEDBACK_H_
 
#include <Arduino.h>
 
#include "mozzi_utils.h"
#include "meta.h"
 
enum interpolation_types {LINEAR,ALLPASS};
 
 
/** Audio delay line with feedback for comb filter, flange, chorus and short echo effects.
@tparam NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES is the length of the delay buffer in samples, and should be a
power of two. The maximum delay length which will fit in an atmega328 is half
that of a plain AudioDelay object, in this case 256 cells, or about 15
milliseconds. AudioDelayFeedback uses int16_t sized cells to accomodate the higher
amplitude of direct input to the delay as well as the feedback, without losing
precision. Output is only the delay line signal. If you want to mix the delay
with the input, do it in your sketch. AudioDelayFeedback uses more processing and memory
than a plain AudioDelay, but allows for more dramatic effects with feedback.
@tparam INTERP_TYPE a choice of LINEAR (default) or ALLPASS interpolation.  LINEAR is better
for sweeping delay times, ALLPASS may be better for reverb-like effects.
*/
template <uint16_t NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES, int8_t INTERP_TYPE = LINEAR>
class AudioDelayFeedback
{
 
public:
    /** Constructor.
    */
    AudioDelayFeedback(): write_pos(0), _feedback_level(0), _delaytime_cells(0)
    {}
 
 
    /** Constructor.
    @param delaytime_cells delay time expressed in cells.
    For example, 128 cells delay at MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE 16384 would produce a time delay of 128/16384 = 0.0078125 s = 7.8 ms
    Put another way, num_cells = delay_seconds * MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    */
    AudioDelayFeedback(uint16_t delaytime_cells): write_pos(0), _feedback_level(0), _delaytime_cells(delaytime_cells)
    {}
 
 
    /** Constructor.
    @param delaytime_cells delay time expressed in cells.
    For example, 128 cells delay at MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE 16384 would produce a time delay of 128/16384 = 0.0078125 s = 7.8 ms
    Put another way, num_cells = delay_seconds * MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    @param feedback_level is the feedback level from -128 to 127 (representing -1 to 1).
    */
    AudioDelayFeedback(uint16_t delaytime_cells, int8_t feedback_level): write_pos(0),  _feedback_level(feedback_level), _delaytime_cells(delaytime_cells)
    {}
 
 
 
    /** Input a value to the delay and retrieve the signal in the delay line at the position delaytime_cells.
    @param input the signal input.
    @note slower than next(int8_t input, uint16_t delaytime_cells)
    */
    inline
    int16_t next(int8_t input)
    {
        // chooses a different next() function depending on whether the
        // the template parameter is LINEAR(default if none provided) or ALLPASS.
        // See meta.h.
        return next(input, Int2Type<INTERP_TYPE>());
    }
 
 
 
    /**  Input a value to the delay, retrieve the signal in the delay line at the position delaytime_cells, and add feedback from the output to the input.
    @param input the signal input.
    @param delaytime_cells indicates the delay time in terms of cells in the delay buffer.
    It doesn't change the stored internal value of _delaytime_cells.
    @note Timing: 4us
    */
    inline
    int16_t next(int8_t input, uint16_t delaytime_cells)
    {
        //setPin13High();
        ++write_pos &= (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        uint16_t read_pos = (write_pos - delaytime_cells) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        // < 1us to here
        int16_t delay_sig = delay_array[read_pos];                              // read the delay buffer
        // with this line, the method takes 18us
        //int8_t feedback_sig = (int8_t) min(max(((delay_sig * _feedback_level)/128),-128),127); // feedback clipped
        // this line, the whole method takes 4us... Compiler doesn't optimise pow2 divides.  Why?
        int8_t feedback_sig = (int8_t) min(max(((delay_sig * _feedback_level)>>7),-128),127); // feedback clipped
        delay_array[write_pos] = (int16_t) input + feedback_sig;                    // write to buffer
        //setPin13Low();
        return delay_sig;
    }
 
 
 
    /** Input a value to the delay, retrieve the signal in the delay line at the interpolated fractional position delaytime_cells, and add feedback from the output to the input.
    @param input the signal input.
    @param delaytime_cells is a fractional number to set the delay time in terms of cells
    or partial cells in the delay buffer. It doesn't change the stored internal
    value of _delaytime_cells.
    */
    inline
    int16_t next(int8_t input, Q16n16 delaytime_cells)
    {
        //setPin13High();
        ++write_pos &= (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
 
        uint16_t index = Q16n16_to_Q16n0(delaytime_cells);
        uint16_t fraction = (uint16_t) delaytime_cells; // keeps low word
 
        uint16_t read_pos1 = (write_pos - index) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        int16_t delay_sig1 = delay_array[read_pos1];                                // read the delay buffer
 
        uint16_t read_pos2 = (write_pos - (index+1)) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        int16_t delay_sig2 = delay_array[read_pos2];                                // read the delay buffer
 
 
        int16_t difference = delay_sig2 - delay_sig1;
        int16_t delay_sig_fraction = (int16_t)((int32_t)((int32_t) fraction * difference) >> 16);
 
        int16_t delay_sig = delay_sig1+delay_sig_fraction;
 
        //int16_t delay_sig = delay_sig1 + ((int32_t)delay_sig2*fraction)>>16;
 
        int8_t feedback_sig = (int8_t) min(max((((int16_t)(delay_sig * _feedback_level))>>7),-128),127); // feedback clipped
        delay_array[write_pos] = (int16_t) input + feedback_sig;                    // write to buffer
        //setPin13Low();
        return delay_sig;
    }
 
 
    /** Input a value to the delay but don't change the delay time or retrieve the output signal.
    @param input the signal input.
    */
    inline
    void write(int8_t input)
    {
        ++write_pos &= (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        delay_array[write_pos] = input;
    }
 
 
    /** Input a value to the delay but don't advance the write position, change the delay time or retrieve the output signal.
    This can be useful for manually adding feedback to the delay line, "behind" the advancing write head.
    @param input the signal input.
    */
    inline
    void writeFeedback(int8_t input)
    {
        delay_array[write_pos] = input;
    }
 
 
    /** Input a value to the delay at an offset from the current write position.  Don't advance the main
    write position or change the stored delay time or retrieve the output signal.
    @param input the signal input.
    @param offset the number of cells behind the ordinary write position where the input will be written.
    */
    inline
    void write(int8_t input, uint16_t offset)
    {
    uint16_t _pos = (write_pos + offset) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
    delay_array[_pos] = input;
    }
 
 
    /** Retrieve the signal in the delay line at the interpolated fractional position delaytime_cells.
    It doesn't change the stored internal value of _delaytime_cells or feedback the output to the input.
    @param delaytime_cells indicates the delay time in terms of cells in the delay buffer.
    */
    inline
    int16_t read(Q16n16 delaytime_cells)
    {
        return read(delaytime_cells, Int2Type<INTERP_TYPE>());
    }
 
 
    /** Retrieve the signal in the delay line at the current stored delaytime_cells.
    It doesn't change the stored internal value of _delaytime_cells or feedback the output to the input.
    */
    inline
    int16_t read()
    {
        return read(Int2Type<INTERP_TYPE>());
    }
 
 
    /**  Set delay time expressed in samples.
    @param delaytime_cells delay time expressed in cells, with each cell played per tick of MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    For example, 128 cells delay at MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE would produce a time delay of 128/16384 = 0.0078125 s = 7.8 ms
    Put another way, num_cells = delay_seconds * MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    */
    inline
    void setDelayTimeCells(uint16_t delaytime_cells)
    {
        _delaytime_cells = (uint16_t) delaytime_cells;
    }
 
 
    /**  Set delay time expressed in samples, fractional Q16n16 for an interpolating delay.
    @param delaytime_cells delay time expressed in cells, with each cell played per tick of MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    For example, 128 cells delay at MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE would produce a time delay of 128/16384 = 0.0078125 s = 7.8 ms
    Put another way, num_cells = delay_seconds * MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    */
    inline
    void setDelayTimeCells(Q16n16 delaytime_cells)
    {
        return setDelayTimeCells(delaytime_cells, Int2Type<INTERP_TYPE>());
    }
 
 
    /**  Set delay time expressed in samples, fractional float for an interpolating delay.
    @param delaytime_cells delay time expressed in cells, with each cell played per tick of MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    For example, 128 cells delay at MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE would produce a time delay of 128/16384 = 0.0078125 s = 7.8 ms
    Put another way, num_cells = delay_seconds * MOZZI_AUDIO_RATE.
    */
    inline
    void setDelayTimeCells(float delaytime_cells)
    {
        return setDelayTimeCells(delaytime_cells, Int2Type<INTERP_TYPE>());
    }
 
 
    /**  Set the feedback gain.
    @param feedback_level is the feedback level from -128 to 127 (representing -1 to 1).
    */
    inline
    void setFeedbackLevel(int8_t feedback_level)
    {
        _feedback_level = feedback_level;
    }
 
 
 
private:
    int16_t delay_array[NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES];
    uint16_t write_pos;
    int8_t _feedback_level;
    uint16_t _delaytime_cells;
    Q15n16 _coeff; // for allpass interpolation
 
 
 
    /** Input a value to the delay and retrieve the signal in the delay line at the position delaytime_cells.
    @param in_value the signal input.
    */
    inline
    int16_t next(int8_t in_value, Int2Type<LINEAR>)
    {
        ++write_pos &= (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        uint16_t read_pos = (write_pos - _delaytime_cells) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
 
        int16_t delay_sig = delay_array[read_pos];                              // read the delay buffer
        int8_t feedback_sig = (int8_t) min(max(((delay_sig * _feedback_level)/128),-128),127); // feedback clipped
        delay_array[write_pos] = (int16_t) in_value + feedback_sig;                 // write to buffer
 
        return delay_sig;
    }
 
 
 
    /**  The delaytime_cells has to be set seperately, because it's slowish
    and in this implementation the allpass interpolation mode doesn't slide
    nicely from one delay time to another.
    @param input an audio signal in
    @return the delayed signal, including feedback
    @note Timing: 10us
    */
    inline
    int16_t next(int8_t input, Int2Type<ALLPASS>)
    {
        /*
        http://www.scandalis.com/Jarrah/Documents/DelayLine.pdf
        also https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/Interpolation/Interpolation_4up.pdf
        for desired fractional delay of d samples,
        coeff = (1-d)/(1+d)
        or
        coeff = ((d-1)>1) + (((d-1)*(d-1))>>2) - (((d-1)*(d-1)*(d-1))>>3)
        out = coeff * in + last_in - coeff * last_out
        = coeff * (in-last_out) + last_in
        */
        //setPin13High();
        static int8_t last_in;
        static int16_t last_out;
 
        ++write_pos &= (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
 
        uint16_t read_pos1 = (write_pos - _delaytime_cells) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        int16_t delay_sig = delay_array[read_pos1];                             // read the delay buffer
 
        int16_t interp = (int16_t)(_coeff * ((int16_t)input - last_out)>>16) + last_in; // Q15n16*Q15n0 + Q15n0 = Q15n16 + Q15n0 = Q15n16
        delay_sig += interp;
 
        int8_t feedback_sig = (int8_t) min(max(((delay_sig * _feedback_level)>>7),-128),127); // feedback clipped
        delay_array[write_pos] = (int16_t) input + feedback_sig;                    // write to buffer
 
        last_in = input;
        last_out = delay_sig;
        //setPin13Low();
        return delay_sig;
    }
 
 
 
    // 20-25us
    inline
    void setDelayTimeCells(Q16n16 delaytime_cells, Int2Type<ALLPASS>)
    {
        /*
        integer optimisation/approximation from
        Van Duyne, Jaffe, Scandalis, Stilson 1997
        http://www.scandalis.com/Jarrah/Documents/DelayLine.pdf
        //coeff = -((d-1)>1) + (((d-1)*(d-1))>>2) - (((d-1)*(d-1)*(d-1))>>3) , d is fractional part
        */
        _delaytime_cells = delaytime_cells>>16; // whole integer part
        Q15n16 dminus1 = - Q15n16_FIX1 + (uint16_t) delaytime_cells;
        Q15n16 dminus1squared = (dminus1)*(dminus1)>>16;
        _coeff = -(dminus1>>1) + (dminus1squared>>2) - (((dminus1squared*dminus1)>>16)>>3);
    }
 
 
    // 100us
    inline
    void setDelayTimeCells(float delaytime_cells, Int2Type<ALLPASS>)
    {
        //coeff = (1-d)/(1+d)
        _delaytime_cells = (uint16_t) delaytime_cells;
 
        float fraction = delaytime_cells - _delaytime_cells;
 
        // modified from stk DelayA.cpp
        float alpha_ = 1.0f + fraction; // fractional part
        if ( alpha_ < 0.5f ) {
            // (stk): The optimal range for alpha is about 0.5 - 1.5 in order to
            // achieve the flattest phase delay response.
 
            // something's not right about how I use _delaytime_cells and
            // NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES etc. in my ringbuffer compared to stk
            _delaytime_cells += 1;
            if ( _delaytime_cells >= NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES ) _delaytime_cells -= NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES;
            alpha_ += 1.0f;
        }
        // otherwise this would use fraction instead of alpha
        _coeff = float_to_Q15n16((1.f-alpha_)/(1.f+alpha_));
    }
 
    //  Retrieve the signal in the delay line at the position delaytime_cells.
    // It doesn't change the stored internal value of _delaytime_cells or feedback the output to the input.
    // param delaytime_cells indicates the delay time in terms of cells in the delay buffer.
    //
    // inline
    // int16_t read(uint16_t delaytime_cells, Int2Type<LINEAR>)
    // {
    // uint16_t read_pos = (write_pos - delaytime_cells) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
    // int16_t delay_sig = delay_array[read_pos];                               // read the delay buffer
    //
    // return delay_sig;
    // }
 
    /** Retrieve the signal in the delay line at the interpolated fractional position delaytime_cells.
    It doesn't change the stored internal value of _delaytime_cells or feedback the output to the input.
    @param delaytime_cells indicates the delay time in terms of cells in the delay buffer.
    */
    inline
    int16_t read(Q16n16 delaytime_cells, Int2Type<LINEAR>)
    {
        uint16_t index = (Q16n16)delaytime_cells >> 16;
        uint16_t fraction = (uint16_t) delaytime_cells; // keeps low word
 
        uint16_t read_pos1 = (write_pos - index) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        int16_t delay_sig1 = delay_array[read_pos1];                                // read the delay buffer
 
        uint16_t read_pos2 = (write_pos - (index+1)) & (NUM_BUFFER_SAMPLES - 1);
        int16_t delay_sig2 = delay_array[read_pos2];                                // read the delay buffer
 
        /*
        int16_t difference = delay_sig2 - delay_sig1;
        int16_t delay_sig_fraction = ((int32_t) fraction * difference) >> 16;
 
        int16_t delay_sig = delay_sig1+delay_sig_fraction;
        */
        int16_t delay_sig = delay_sig1 + ((int32_t)delay_sig2*fraction)>>16;
 
        return delay_sig;
    }
 
 
};
 
/**
@example 09.Delays/AudioDelayFeedback/AudioDelayFeedback.ino
This is an example of how to use the AudioDelayFeedback class.
*/
 
#endif        //  #ifndef AUDIODELAY_FEEDBACK_H_